Femur length

Femur length. Femur length calculator Sep 20, 2021 · A shortened fetal femur is a morphological descriptor and is usually defined when the femoral length falls below the 5 th centile for gestational age (some define it when it is under the 2. 5% of height. 8 16. Sep 4, 2022 · The length of the femur contributes to 27% of the individual's stature . Oct 4, 2008 · Cursors are placed over the superior aspect of the imaged femoral head and the distal portion of the medial femoral condyle [2, 17, 19] with the distance between these two cursors representing the length of the individual femur. Objective: The aim of the study was to determine whether the biparietal diameter/femur length (BPD/FL) ratio can be used to detect thanatophoric dysplasia in the first trimester of pregnancy. Using a phased array or curvilinear transducer, align along the long axis of the closest femur. Dec 19, 2013 · INTRODUCTION. Due to the bipedal nature of the human species, “leg length” often is measured as: (femur + tibia + the height of the foot, from the tibia-talus articulation to the ground). This view demonstrates the pediatric femur in its natural anatomical position allowing for assessment of suspected dislocations, fractures, localizing foreign bodies and osteomyelitis within the long bone. Apr 13, 2017 · The femur length to foot length ratio and the femur length to abdominal circumference ratios increase with the gestational age in an inverse relationship throughout the same period. Although there are more than 450 different skeletal dysplasias, only a few are lethal in Sep 30, 2019 · Fetal femur length (FL) is an important biometric index in prenatal screening. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. Depending on departments, this view can be crucial for orthopaedic surgeons to determine the length of the femur for prosthetic purposes. Femur length (FL) is the measurement between the distal and proximal ossification centers of the femoral diaphysis. Only the femoral diaphysis length was included in the measurement with the beam of insonation perpendicular to the femoral shaft. Jul 19, 2021 · What does a fetal ultrasound measure? During pregnancy, many different ultrasounds measurements can be done. Jun 12, 2020 · Leg length discrepancy between 2 and 5 cm can be equalized. Jul 13, 2020 · Multiple standard fetal biometric charts are available for prediction of Gestational Age (GA) from the given fetal parameters which include measurement of gestational sac, crown rump length (CRL), fetal biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), and femur length (FL). 0 16 14. , who observed it to be 41. Let’s say you’re about 5’6”: that means your femurs are each around 17 inches long! Image from Human Anatomy Atlas. 232 Feb 7, 2018 · Forest plot illustrating the mean percentage error, standard deviation and weighting of formulae incorporating the abdominal circumference and femur length parameters. Hadlock FP, Harrist RB, Fearneyhough TC et. Centiles were derived by combining these two regression models, assuming that the measurements have a normal distribution at each gestational age. 3. Materials and methods: Twenty-four reported cases of thanatophoric dysplasia diagnosed based on ultrasonographic results with molecular or radiographic Apr 14, 2022 · It’s not a shock that proper crank length generally follows rider height. A good nutritious diet and adequate amounts of rest and sleep are enough to achieve the growth Dec 31, 2012 · Femur length was measured according to standards from the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine Practice Guidelines for the Performance of Obstetrical Ultrasound Examinations. In the current study femur length and age (r = 0. Dec 18, 2020 · US scan shows the femur length (FL)—that is, the length of the femoral diaphysis—measured on the long axis of the femur, perpendicular to the insonating beam. Femur by Anatomy. Nov 29, 2022 · By 20 weeks, a fetus is gaining about 59 grams per week (just over 2 ounces). Mar 30, 2022 · Femoral head and neck. Multiple Pregnancy. The cases were divided into two categories of isolated short FL & non-isolated short FL and followed up to A chest- to-abdominal circumference ratio of <0. lengths, diameters and angles - PMC. In comparison, the mean values in males and females were highly significant (p-value <0. 5 cm at 14 weeks to about 7. v. measure where the ends of the bones Mar 11, 2010 · 2. Apr 6, 2023 · Femur length can be used to calculate fetal length, another predictor of fetal growth, with the following equation 3 : Fetal length in centimeters = 6. Jul 13, 2005 · The aim of the present study is to establish new reference charts for gestational age assessment based on fetal femur length (FL), and new reference ranges for FL to head ratios at gestational weeks 10–25, and to determine the effect of maternal and fetal factors on these charts. Your femur is an incredibly strong bone, so it would take a huge amount of force to break it. Aug 2, 2020 · What is normal femur length in pregnancy? The foetal femoral length growth presents a characteristic appearance between the 12th and 42nd pregnancy week. It is directed caudally, medially and anteriorly. A percentile is a way to compare people with similar characteristics. Conclusions We have constructed a new size chart for fetal femur length taking into consideration the increasing variability with increasing gestational age. At 35 weeks, a fetus is gaining about 215 grams each week, or about 7. In the paired cases, equal length was noted on 18 occasions, 169 were longer on the left, and 137 were longer on the right. The same technique as that used to establish the reference chart should be used with regard to the angle between the femur and the insonating ultrasound beam. After 32-34 menstrual weeks the distal femoral epiphysis should be visualized but not included in the measurement. 95 ± 2. It is measured from end to end, excluding the distal epiphyses (E). The femur length of a white New Zealand rabbit, another animal often used in in vivo studies showing positive influence of LIPUS (Pilla et al. 5 The length is measured from blunt end to blunt end parallel to the shaft. The femur is a weight-bearing bone. Amongst them the length of the femur closely related to the length of the medial condyle in the 1 st and 3 rd classes; in the 4 th class, the parameter is related to the vertical diameter of the head and the transverse size of the proximal epiphysis. PMC3802358. 6 10. . 759 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. 2. 3 to 58. The short femur length meant the baby's predicted weight was always on the 10th centile or just below. Gestational age (GA) FL Femur length, mm. The tibial length is similarly determined by measuring the distance between cursors placed at the medial tibial *Not Affiliated with CSEP - PATH*This video shows you how to mark and measure your client's femur length. To start, fitters typically look at physiological dimensions like femur length and foot size, both of which are primary Jan 10, 2023 · Purpose To evaluate the possible outcomes of fetuses diagnosed with short femur length (FL) and to guide diagnosis through a step-wise imaging algorithm. 85 supports familial variation as the cause of a femur length less than expected. 38 mm in females, with a range of 392–490 mm and 360–469 mm, respectively. The less you go the better the recovery obviously. 3. In the 12th pregnancy week it is 11 mm on the average, 33 m in the 20th, 58 mm in the 30th, and 76 mm at birth. It increases from about 1. Jul 24, 2023 · Femur Length (FL): The femur can be visualized as early as 10 weeks gestation due to its size and density on ultrasound. The femur or thigh bone is found in the upper leg and is the longest bone in the body. Measurement criteria: measure with the transducer aligned along the long axis of bone - perpendicular to the shaft. 2%), males (R 2 =39. 9%). Mathematicians call Jan 17, 2023 · Key Terms. 4%) or females (R 2 =41. Coefficient of determination indicates that dens height was a strong determinant for the femur maximum length among all specimens (R 2 =50. The femur is the only bone in the thigh and the longest bone in the body. By contrast, in the present study, absolute and relative individual and total lengths of the leg bones did not correlate with The length of femoral diaphysis was determined as part of a cross-sectional study on a total of 595 patients who were not at risk, and where the gestation age was known and confirme Results of sonographic determination of the length of femur between the 12th and 42nd week of pregnancy are presented. , 2010), is around 94 mm (Polguj May 17, 2007 · The third group (parameters marked as O – Q) determines the geometry of the femoral shaft. e. Oct 30, 2020 · Introduction: The femur being the longest bone in our body can be used to estimate the stature of the person. Torso length (greater trochanter to glenohumeral joint) was 28. The most frequently used parameters in Mar 16, 2017 · You can also say that if you divide your height in four equal pieces, you have the length of your femur bone, or the length of your femur bone is one fourth of your height. 5 when it is an isolated finding 8. The measurements of fetal HC, AC and FL Mar 2, 2023 · Conclusions: Isolated short femur length on second-trimester sonography is associated with a greater than 3-fold increased risk of fetal growth restriction and an increased risk of preterm birth. (Chart and further comments) Similar to the BPD, dating using the FL should be done as early as is feasible. 9 19. Methods: Retrospective review of singletons with fetal Down syndrome delivered at our institution between January 2009 and December 2015. In this case, healthcare providers use percentiles to show the general size range of fetuses of the same gestational age. Oct 30, 2023 · What femur length is dwarfism? Dwarfism is typically diagnosed when an individual's height is significantly below the average for their age and gender. May 20, 2022 · Femur length (FL) Anatomy. Femur fractures. -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 14 8. In the last three months of pregnancy, the longer the bone, the longer is the length of the baby at birth. Apr 6, 2023 · Femur length can be used to calculate fetal length, another predictor of fetal growth, with the following equation 3 : Fetal length in centimetres = 6. Daily Countup: Count up how many days you are into your pregnancy. With incorporation of the nasal Calculator. format_list_bulleted Contents add. Since the likelihood of getting a result that’s exactly the median is rare, you’ll also get percentile values. HC: head circumference. Jun 22, 2020 · We previously reported using MRI that relative lengths of the leg bones (i. Because the femur is so strong, it usually takes a lot of force to break it. Nov 13, 2020 · Revisions: 32. We have compared our chart with other published data, and believe that the differences seen may be Jul 19, 2021 · Get the app! BPD: biparietal diameter (the diameter between the 2 sides of the head. Aug 25, 2008 · In Table 2 diaphysial length of the femur increases in size until the 15–17 age interval for both males and females, but diaphysial length of the femur could no longer be measured once union of the femoral head had begun, impeding the analysis in posterior ages. The FL is imaged with both ends of the ossified diaphysis visible. 15 (4); Winter 1941. 4 on the right side and 2. If your race isn't listed, you can find more formulas online. I was so stressed by it all & every possibility went through my head. 59 x femur length in millimeters. A new chart for femur size is presented and compared with previously published data. ) are found, more extensive evaluation of all long bones is needed to Study design: This was a prospective cohort study on singleton pregnancies with a diagnosis of fetal femur < 5 centile. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM M21. AC: abdominal circumference. I’ve started googling and now really worried. FL: femur length. , tibial length and total length of the femur and tibia) normalized to body height correlated with running performance in endurance runners . What is the average femur length for a 5'6" male? The average femur length for a 5'6" male may be around 17 to 19 inches (43 to 48 cm), but this can vary. Serial growth assessment may be warranted in these cases. Now that combo of long femur (requiring a more forward leaned torso = hip flexion) plus limited mobility can become a larger problem. Full size table Femur length (mm) median 10 th and 90 th centiles . 5 ounces. 880 and 22. 5 th centile 5) or less than 0. Femoral Length Mean femoral length was 50. 1 22. Leg length discrepancy (LLD) or anisomelia, is defined as a condition in which the paired lower extremity limbs have a noticeably unequal length. It's not solely determined by femur length. Proximally, visualize either the femoral head or greater trochanter and distally, visualize the femoral condyle. You might take your own measurements and compare. 11±2. Methods This was a prospective cohort study of 42 pregnancies with fetal femur length (FL) below the 5th centile for gestational age. 44 and r = 0. 5 21. Jun 21, 2022 · To create a Week-By-Week calendar choose from the following options: Weekly Count: Follow new developments in weeks and days. 38) has been shown before by Maratt et al. The long, straight part of the femur is called the femoral shaft. 7 on the left side . [1] REFERENCES: Sep 17, 2023 · Indications. 25) displayed moderate and weak correlations to ROC, respectively. Measuring femur diaphysis length (FL) has long been a routine procedure during the second-trimester anomaly scan as an isolated short femur is associated with trisomy 21, trisomy 13 and trisomy 18 1-5. 87 cm, respectively [9,11]. 6 ounces. 2, R 39. Jun 2, 2022 · The most important finding of this study was that femur length was significantly correlated with quadriceps strength for the non-surgical limb. It can occur in isolated or in association with a number of other anomalies. The fetal femur is frequently the only fetal long bone measured during the routine mid-trimester anomaly scan. At 24 weeks 2 days we had a scan to check our little boy! Everything is completely perfect and normal values- apart from his femur length. Mar 5, 2016 · His average measurement for femur length (measured from greater trochanter to femoral condyle) was 24. Comparison of ultrasonic femur length and biparietal diameter in late pregnancy. Its presence is accepted but there is little consensus as to its many aspects, including Dec 1, 2016 · Lethal skeletal dysplasias can be diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound (US) using several sonographic parameters. Fetal ultrasound measurements can include the crown-rump length (CRL), biparietal diameter (BPD), femur length (FL), head circumference (HC), occipitofrontal diameter (OFD), abdominal circumference (AC), and humerus length (HL), as well as calculation of the estimated fetal weight (EFW). Leg Length Defined. It is both the longest and the strongest bone in the human body, extending from the hip to the knee. Positive Family History Abnormal Femur Length or Appearance Normal Femur Length Serial Measurements •Normal physiological variant (FP 13%) •IUGR •Abnormal Karyotype •Focal Skeletal Abnormality •Skeletal Dysplasia If FL is < 5 mm below the -2 SD of the mean (-4SD) If the FL is -2 to 4 mm below the 2 SD of the mean HIGH LIKELIHOOD OF A Unequal limb length (acquired), unspecified femur. This is consistent with the findings of Kulkarni M et al. Its surface is smooth and coated in cartilage except for an ovoid depression (the fovea capitis femoris) which is situated a little below and behind the center Feb 14, 2021 · The mean value for the maximum length of the femur was 436. The standard deviation in males was 19. The diagnosis of fetal macrosomia is suspected when the estimated fetal weight (EFW) is greater than 4000 g in a diabetic patient and above 4500 g in a nondiabetic patient. 88 mm in males and 402. This can be achieved by shoe lift and/or insoles. 2 20. Included patients were divided into two groups: patients with a first diagnosis of femur length < 5th percentile at 14-24 weeks (group A) and those with the first diagnosis made at > 24 weeks (group B). 4). Mar 4, 2021 · Femur length (FL) This measures the longest bone in the body and reflects the longitudinal growth of the fetus. Learn about the femur, the longest, strongest bone in your body that supports your weight and connects your muscles, tendons and ligaments. Methods: Bone lengths of 1152 cadaveric femora and tibiae from the Hamann-Todd osteological collection were measured. 2cm. , 1990;Shakouri et al. The mean femur length in our study was found to be 42. 6 13. The femur (Latin: os femoris ), also known as the thigh bone, is the only bone forming the thigh. The femur is the only bone located within the human thigh. Length differences are typically less than 10 mm and asymptomatic or easily compensated Feb 22, 2007 · The length of the femur of the young adult individual was estimated, by using anthropoid-based regression, to be a minimum of 298 mm. Mar 23, 2023 · This view demonstrates the femur in its natural anatomical position allowing for assessment of suspected dislocations, fractures, localising foreign bodies and osteomyelitis within the long bone. So in this equivalence, 8cm for Femurs is like 5cm for Tibias. Find out how to prevent and treat fractures, osteoporosis and patellofemoral pain syndrome that can affect your femur. Conclusion: This study proved that the femur length is proportional to the height. Jan 24, 2021 · Jan 24, 2021 at 6:40 AM. Q Bull Northwest Univ Med Sch. Additionally, among knees that underwent ligament reconstructions, there was a significant negative correlation between both lower limb and femur length, and isometric quadriceps strength deficit. 2 17. al. , with data from a large dataset of 1,961 patients. 1. What is the normal femur length? What is the normal femur length at 36 weeks? Oct 12, 2011 · Table 3 shows skeleton-only measurements of femur length, total head-tail tip body length, gleno-acetabular distance (GAD; between the approximate centres of those joints)/body length, limb length, and tail length (from the first free caudal vertebra)/body length. Fig. The accuracy of second-trimester ultrasound (between 14 0/7 weeks and 27 6/7 weeks) is widely variable. Start at the the tibial tuberosity (bump on your shin) to the medial malleolus, the bump on your ankle. 16 strongly suggests a perinatal lethal disorder, although there are exceptions. 3 17. A: Femur length or the length of the thighbone is an index of fetal growth in the uterus. Nov 30, 2002 · A normal femur length consistent with expected age without bowing or angulation is considered adequate for screening of short limb dysplasias in a patient with no history of risk factors[1]. Apr 15, 2015 · Scans at 28, 31 & 34 weeks continued to show femur length <5th but with head circumference & abdominal circumference on 50th centile. 18 + 0. Sep 12, 2022 · Second-trimester ultrasound estimates estimated date of delivery with fetal measurements of biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference and femur length. But plenty of people do 8cm no problem. Degenerative joint disease was graded May 18, 2021 · Leg length discrepancy (LLD) is a common orthopedic condition among the pediatric and adult population, with a prevalence rate of 90% of the general population and 40% among athletes. Its usefulness is similar to the BPD. Apr 23, 2008 · Femur length correlates well with height and it is well known that patients with Down syndrome tend to be shorter than average, so this association was not unexpected. How To Measure Femur Length On Ultrasound | FL Measurement Technique | Fetal Biometric Parameter USG- The femur should be imaged as longitudinally as possibl Sep 20, 2021 · A shortened fetal femur is a morphological descriptor and is usually defined when the femoral length falls below the 5 th centile for gestational age (some define it when it is under the 2. To improve the accuracy and practicability of diagnosis, we investigated the value of genetic analysis in prenatal diagnosis of short femur. It is not an index of the final growth of the adult. At this point their growth rate peaks. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This was a prospective study involving 500 pregnant women at 36 weeks of gestational age. 5 weeks. 2, p < 0. 59 x femur length in millimetres. measure where the ends of the bones Jun 17, 2013 · The length of the average femur is about a quarter of a person’s height. 7 24. 85 cm and 42. A femur length below the 5 th centile for gestation presents a significant diagnostic dilemma as it could be the result of inaccurate dating, or a normal variant in constitutionally small fetuses, but it has also been associated with both skeletal dysplasias and assessment of fetal anatomy. 5 24. 1, 2) LLD occurs when the paired lower extremities are unequal in length. Jan 20, 2018 · Femur. The femoral head is supported by the neck of the femur. After 35 weeks, growth slows to about 188 grams per week, or 6. It acts as the site of origin and attachment of many muscles and ligaments, and can be divided into three parts; proximal, shaft and distal. Next, measure the length of your tibia. Journal List. 91 predicted by the biparietal diameter (BPD). Mar 1, 2017 · From the recent study of estimating total femur length from its fragments in South Indian population, conducted by Solani S and Kulkarni R, the standard deviation (σ) of total length of femur was found to be 2. app. Depending on departments, this view can be crucial for orthopedic surgeons to determine the length of the femur for prosthetic Hohler CW, Quetel TA. and Verma M et al. By 30 weeks, a fetus is gaining about 175 grams each week (more than 6 ounces). 2 days ago · 8cm is very common and pretty safe with an illiotibial band release. condyle: A smooth prominence on a bone where it forms a joint with another bone. 82±2. 6 19. 5 weeks behind at 22. Oct 9, 2018 · A correlation between femur length and radius of curvature (r = 0. When there is a break anywhere along this length of bone, it is called a femoral shaft fracture. Fetal Weight: Available in ounces or grams. Estimated fetal weight (g) median 5 th, 10 th, 90 th and 95 th centiles . 6 16. Feb 20, 2008 · Introduction. M21. 3 17 17. •. The femur length is the most commonly used limb measurement and is usually included as a routine part of any fetal anomaly scan. Feb 16, 2019 · The diagnosis of fetal growth restriction (FGR) should be suspected if the estimated weight falls below the 10th percentile for gestational age. May 25, 2023 · Table 3 Distribution of stature and means of long bone measurements for male (femur, tibia + femur, leg length, tibia length) for each stature level (each cm). 9 27. Use of femur length/abdominal circumference ratio in detecting the macrosomic fetus. 581 in females. A femur length to foot length (on plantar view) ratio > . The femur is classified as a long bone, and it serves as an attachment site for numerous muscles and ligaments. 2 25. Motor vehicle collisions, for example, are the number one cause of femur fractures. A stepwise linear regression analysis demonstrated that age, gender, height, weight, BMI and proximal isthmus distance to trochanter tip explain 23. Alternatively, an intramedullary lengthening nail can be used for leg length equalization. Measure the femoral diaphysis, but not the ossification center. 1 14. 001, adjusted r 2 = 0. Daily Countdown: Count down your days left until your due date. 9 22. The length is measured from blunt end to blunt end parallel to the shaft. Radiology 1985;154:503-505. 001) ( Figure 4, Table 1 ). The longest axis of the ossified diaphysis is measured. Dec 31, 2015 · When the full length of the femur is on the screen there is often a posterior acoustic shadow noted. 2% of the variability of the isthmus diameter ( p < 0. Leg length discrepancy (LLD) has been a controversial issue among researchers and clinicians for many years. Measurements on the human femur - I. FL is one of the fe tal biometry measurements which is measured ordinarily during the routine second trimester scanning and onwards in determining the gestational age and growth betw een ultrasound examinations. Weeks. In skeletally immature patients, it is possible to treat differences in leg length by growth arrest. Congenital short femur is a rare type of congenital malformation that occurs during prenatal development and affects the growth of the femur bone in the upper leg. The femur articulates proximally with the acetabulum of the pelvis to form the hip joint, and distally with the tibia and patella to form the knee joint. Results: Femur length was measured on 649 of the 663 fetuses. 1 11. *Use the femur length and the chart to calculate your height and compare that to your actual height. The etiology of short femur is diverse, with some pathogenic causes leading to adverse outcomes. Which is showing as low in the 5th percentile. 8 cm at term. A linear-cubic regression model was fitted to estimate the mean and a separate linear regression to estimate the standard deviation. Anterior radius of curvature of femur: a best fit circle along anterior cortex of femoral shaft which is forming a part of circumference was drawn, whose diameter and hence radius is calculated. Two potential fixes for long leg squats (since you can’t change femur length or hip boney anatomy without): It this video I discuss two ways to significantly improve squat positioning for athletes with long legs. However, when signs indicating the possibility of a skeletal dysplasia (short femur, small chest, hypomineralisation, etc. His femur length is measuring 1. 1 17. Results were inconsistent and unreliable, with a frequent overestimation of fetal weight. 01). Fetal femur length is a scale for estimating the fetal weight in individual races because fetal growth patterns differ among different races. Jan 24, 2017 · A total of 7,924 sets of ultrasound measurements were analyzed by quantile regression to establish longitudinal reference intervals for fetal head circumference, biparietal diameter, humerus length, abdominal circumference, femur length and its ratio with head circumference and with biparietal diameter, and EFW. 0cm (2SD 7. 2 14. Because whole-femur proportions for Orrorin are unknown, this prediction is conservative and should be revised when additional specimens become available. 7 15 11. In the analysed sample, the union femoral head occurs by age 17 in males and age Mar 23, 2020 · The resulting models can provide an estimation of the femur maximum length from the measurement of dens length. Conclusion Fetal foot length is an accurate estimate of the gestational age in early pregnancy. Degree of femoral shortening, lung volumes, femur length to abdominal circumference ratio, and chest circumference to abdominal circumference ratio are the most sensitive and specific predictors. The aim of this study is to examine the normal ratio of tibia length/femur length (T/F), and to explore the relationship between T/F ratio and osteoarthritis of the spine, hips, and knees. 759 became effective on October 1, 2023. BPD (mm) HC (mm) Objective: To characterize the natural history of femur length (FL) parameters across gestation in Down syndrome fetuses. 6 or femur length to abdominal circumference ratio of 0. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1981;141:759-762. Important features of this Femur length (FL): 3. Inclusion in an NLM database does not imply endorsement of, or agreement with, the contents by NLM or the National Institutes of Health. The distribution of limb length, femoral length, and tibial length in 1077 adult limbs. 91 cm. Therefore, a taller individual may have a longer femur while a dwarfer individual may have a shorter femur. The bone volumes of our four adult tyrannosaur specimens are roughly similar. Measure the femur horizontally across the ossified diaphysis down the middle of the shaft of the bone avoiding any triangular echogenic extensions (seldom seen before the third trimester). A minor degree of lateral curvature of the femur is commonly seen in normal fetuses. If your femur bone was fractured (broken), you would be in a lot of pain. To determine the safe limits for femur, just use the PRECICE nails mechanical limits for guidelines. Jul 28, 2021 · Between femur length, BMI, gender and cortical area a weak correlation was found (Spearman’s rho r = 0. 8% of height. It is globular and forms rather more than a hemisphere. A strict anatomical definition of leg length (LL) is the length of the femur + tibia. *Remember to always measure the right side of their Dec 10, 2019 · Femur shaft length: In standard cut 6, distance measurement done from tip of greater trochanter tip to the lowest point of intercondylar groove. The risk of fetal Down syndrome with short femur length alone is small, with a likelihood ratio estimated at 1. The femur may be slightly smaller or much smaller than the other leg, producing leg-length discrepancies, hip and knee instability, and a range of functional complications. It extends between the hip and knee joints, and it is the longest and strongest bone in the human body. ai ba jr as ak rr dr uk ry zr