Samtools sort bam file. -@, --threads INT . cram. -b means make a bam file. See Dave’s Wiki for more commands. prefix This has now been removed. samtools merge -u - tmps[123]. bam Aug 19, 2020 · If you have a bam file where you only want reads from specific regions, you can do that with samtools view. bam w. So, you can expect this to use ~175gigs of RAM. fastq | samtools sort -o output. The calling routine then reports that the file is samtools sort truncated. Jun 9, 2018 · A bam is coordinate sorted if the reads are sorted by coordinates. I performed the alignment with minimap2 to get the SAM file and now I'm using this command to convert to BAM: samtools sort -o sample. pysam - to programatically access SAM/BAM files DESCRIPTION. The memory usage allocation is what bcbio intends. bam - We will use the samtools command with the options: ‘sort’ to sort the alignments by the leftmost coordinates, ‘-@ 8’ to denote the usage of 8 threads, ‘-o’ to denote that we want our outputs to be BAM files in [out. merged. Preparation of the BAM file for IGV Sorting. SAMtools: widely used, open source command line tool for manipulating SAM/BAM files. Finally, we just need to build an index on that file so we can extract the information from it: Feb 19, 2022 · 双端测序数据用samtools rmdup效果很差,很多人建议用picard工具的MarkDuplicates功能。. It converts between the formats, does sorting, merging and indexing, and can retrieve reads in any regions swiftly. ) This index is needed when region arguments are used to limit samtools view Dec 15, 2015 · Samtools is a set of utilities that manipulate alignments in the BAM format. bam[bam_sort] -m setting (0 bytes) is less than the minimum required (1M). py. To sort the file the general command is: samtools sort my_sample. Feb 3, 2022 · sort supports uncompressed SAM format from a file or stdin, though index requires BGZIP-compressed SAM or BAM. fastq | samtools sort -@8 -o output. May 19, 2017 · Merging sorted files is a linear operation, so any well-implemented tools that do it will do it with approximately the same efficiency. (The first synopsis with multiple input FILE s is only available with Samtools 1. Samtools is designed to work on a stream. samtools sort -O bam -T tmp_ -o <sorted-bam-file. bam, or if the specified PREFIX is an existing directory, to PREFIX/samtools. sam > bam_file. Apr 20, 2015 · I cannot get this BAM file to sort. The previous out. samtools fastq - -1 dat_1. So samtools merge (use the most up-to-date version, as there have been improvements in merge header handling in the 1. bam, or if output is to standard output, in the current Jun 1, 2021 · Overview. bam, or if output is to standard output, in the 1 Introduction. new. sorted samtools index my. bam 五、合并bam文件 samtools merge out. This tool sorts the input SAM or BAM file by coordinate, queryname (QNAME), or some other property of the SAM record. bam my. Aug 4, 2022 · samtools sort -o w. bam in2. mmm. This can be done making use of SAMtools sort and index commands. --output-fmt or -O option. Here is my code: Nov 10, 2023 · I'm trying to convert a SAM file into a BAM file. Oct 19, 2020 · sort bam file by query name ( samtools sort -n) to get the R1s immediately following the R2s. The sort is required to get the mates into the correct order. May 22, 2014 · Commonly, SAM files are processed in this order: SAM files are converted into BAM files ( samstools view) BAM files are sorted by reference coordinates ( samtools sort) Sorted BAM files are indexed ( samtools index) Each step above can be done with commands below. output. prefix argument (and -f option, if any) should be changed to an appropriate combination of -T PREFIX and -o FILE. Sort BAM files by reference coordinates ( samtools sort) Dec 16, 2022 · In this case samtools view and samtools index failed in open the file "20201032_sorted. Dec 1, 2015 · We’ll use samtools for these steps. bam", but I got this here: [E::hts_open] fail to open file 'Sorted. By default, any temporary files are written alongside the output file, as out. bam] -m INT Set maximum memory per thread; suffix K/M/G recognized [768M] #改写参数. You could also try using egrep ENOENT instead. bam input. Sort alignments by leftmost coordinates, or by read name when -n is used. pk/overview/blog: https:/ Just note that the newer versions of htseq-count don't require sorted . The SAMtools distribution also includes bcftools, a set of command line tools for identifying and filtering genomics variants. -S means input is a sam file. SAMtools, a software package, allows parsing and analyzing the SAM/BAM files. Learn more about Teams DESCRIPTION. This may make sort fail due to it exceeding limits on thenumber of samtools view --input-fmt-option decode_md=0 -o aln. The majority of downstream bioinformatics analyses, including sequence assembly, read quantification, alignment viewer (IGV), and so on, require BAM files. bam in3. The commands below are equivalent to the two above. samtools的rmdup是直接将这些重复序列从比对BAM文件中删除掉,而Picard的MarkDuplicates默认情况则只是在BAM的FLAG信息中标记出来,而不是删除,因此这些重复序列依然会被留在文件中 Once Samtools is installed, you can begin using it immediately. Nov 1, 2022 · In this session, we’ll try our hand at solving the Samtools Convert Sam To Bam puzzle by using the computer language. This first collate command can be omitted if the file is already name ordered or collated: samtools collate -o namecollate. bam example. mergeBam merges 2 or more sorted BAM files. Trying to run with -m too small can lead to the creation of a very large numberof temporary files. It does this repeatedly until the entire input is consumed and then finally merges the temporary files together. So to sort them I gave the following command. bam, or if output is to standard output, in the current Oct 22, 2020 · Writing the BAM file via tee so that you can pipe to samtools index is such a spectacular anti-pattern. bam > my_sample. I tried to sort the BAM file as suggested using "samtools sort -o sorted. bam aln. sam" , because this file should be the output of samtools sort. 4. samtools sort -@ 8 test. bam xxxx-PB. bam -o test. By default, samtools tries to select a format based on the -o filename extension; if output is to standard output Oct 27, 2017 · Hi! I'm using samtools 1. After we have transformed the SAM file to a BAM file we will want to index it, but first we should sort the file so that the reads are in order with regard to chromosome number and position. For a coordinate sorted SAM/BAM file, read alignments are sorted first by the reference sequence name Nov 20, 2023 · Introduction to Samtools: Samtools is a versatile suite of tools widely used in bioinformatics for manipulating and analyzing SAM/BAM files containing aligned sequencing reads. o An alternative way of achieving the above is listing multiple options after the. /samtools sort -@ 15 -m G -O bam -o xxxx-PB. 0_pn. We can output to BAM instead and convert (below), or modify the SAM @SQ header to include MD5 sums in the M5: field. Dec 1, 2020 · SAM/BAM and related specifications. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. sam" . Run this program and pipe it into samtools sort by query name . Jun 1, 2023 · Overview. An appropriate @HD-SO sort order header tag will be added or an existing one updated if necessary. Aligners also generate unsorted bams. So reads from the beginning of the first chromosome are first in the file. samtools idxstats [Data is aligned to hg19 transcriptome]. BAM' [bam_sort_core] fail to open file Sorted. As we have seen, the SAMTools suite allows you to manipulate the SAM/BAM files produced by most aligners. --no-PG. samtools view -bS input. BAM and sort it using Samtools. bam rather than an input file, as in the Re: [Samtools-help] [bam_sort_core] truncated file. This tutorial will guide you through essential commands and best practices for efficient data handling. The most intensive SAMtools commands (samtools view, samtools sort) are multi-threaded, and therefore using the SAMtools option -@ is recommended. reads through the bam file and for each line. Add ms and MC tags for markdup to use later: samtools fixmate -m namecollate. Though it's unfortunate that sort is one of the subcommands that does not yet support samtools's new --write-index option. bam] format, and finally we enter our [input. sam > Ua_1. sam using samtools view -h and then pipe this to htseq-count. (FILE is actually in SAM format, though any alignment records it may contain are ignored. Mar 2, 2020 · samtools sort -n aln. SamTools: Sort. -o FILE. SAM v1; SAM(file format) - Wikipedia. bam as input, sort it by aligned read position, and write it out to sorted_out. bam, where mmm is unique to this invocation of the sort command. 15. Bowtie 2 outputs a SAM file, which I convert to a . samtools view -O cram,store_md=1,store_nm=1 -o aln. It imports from and exports to the SAM (Sequence Alignment/Map) format, does sorting, merging and indexing, and allows to retrieve reads in any regions swiftly. 16 or later. Here's a quick start guide to some of the basic commands: To view the contents of a SAM/BAM/CRAM file, you can use the view command: samtools view input. $\endgroup$ – Nov 12, 2017 · In order to reorder the file, samtools sort must be run. Which in turn, cannot can not read the header of the input file "20201032. sort: the subcommand. Apr 27, 2021 · 因此,本文将介绍samtools sort和samtools index命令。 samtools sort. Though I get a resulting bam file, I also get this output in my terminal: [samopen] SAM header is present: 200079 sequences. bwa. The command I'm using is: Code: samtools view -bhS Ua_1. 0 does not have a way to indicate the reference on the command line. samtools sort cannot write to pipes. bam. Visualization of a BAM file. May 28, 2017 · Sort. bam original. -T PREFIX Write temporary files to PREFIX. pipe that through samtools view and possibly samtools sort back to a Output uncompressed BAM or CRAM. bai files directly - you should instead use samtools view SC5314_2_sorted. May 30, 2013 · See also BAM Format. Thanks for the pysam, I will try it. To use that command I need a sorted bam file. this automatically adds . Otherwise the first non-option filename argument is taken to be out. sam | samtools sort - input. bam, replacing any header lines that would otherwise be copied from in1. sorted. $ samtools sort Usage: samtools sort [options] [in. We can’t just upload the files in the viewer. You also shouldn't try to read . If you're dead-set on reading from and writing to uncompressed SAM format, you can use pipes to avoid writing BAM files. Storing your FASTQ in aligned BAM or CRAM format can be one very simple way of reducing long-term storage requirements. 1. 3. cram | \. bam Aligned PacBio BAM files shall be sorted by position in the standard fashion as done by samtools sort. Together, the command and subcommand form sort samtools sort -o sorted_out unsorted_in. The opposite would be 'sorted by name' in which reads are sorted by their read ID. 1. fq > /dev/null. bam, or if output is to standard output, in the current #BAM #Sort #SamtoolsFor Bioinformatics and NGS Analysis services please contact farhan@jgiconsulting. bam | samtools sort -n - unmapped Realign Reads directly from BAM file novoalign -F BAMPE -f unmapped. 假设我们有一个bam文件,可以通过以下命令对其排序. bam是某个某样本的三个重复,我们可以将他们合并为一个bam文件。 samtools merge -R chr1 out. 排查原因:临时文件生成太多导致,改善方法就是增大临时文件可写入的大小来减少文件个数. The "natural" alpha-numeric sort is still available via -n. bam, or if output is to standard output, in the current Write temporary files to PREFIX. sort. The standard -N and -R options only output reads matching a specified list of names or read-groups. Q&A for work. We first need the files to be sorted and indexed. ) 指定FILE内的’@’的RG表头,复制到输出 Apr 20, 2018 · Did the samtools sort and samtools index processes you ran work correctly, or did they print any errors? Note that you should expect a . bam out. There are many sub-commands in this suite, but the most common and useful are: Convert text-format SAM files into binary BAM files ( samtools view) and vice versa. Type of output can be either sam, bam, or cram, and will be determined automatically by sorted_out's file-extension. bam To sort an alignment file, use the sort command: samtools sort unsorted. BAM file it gives me this error: [E::hts_idx_push] NO_COOR reads not in a single block at the end 1652 -1. Jun 26, 2017 · To keep memory usage to a fixed size, when the data set gets too large samtools sorts the portion it has read so far and saves that in a temporary file. samtools view -h -b ${original_bam} chr2:100-1000 > ${region_bam}-h Include the header in the output. Write the final output as sam, bam, or cram. (PR #1900, fixes #1500. Notes about the samtools programs: samtools fixmate requires the file to be sorted by query name. bam option-h FILE Use the lines of FILE as `@' headers to be copied to out. It's probably best to assume that samtools will actually use ~2. The header of the sam file looks as follows: @sqSN:1 LN:278617202. fq -2 dat_2. /bam trimBam <your InputFile> - [#basesToTrim] [any other options] -c | samtools Feb 12, 2020 · Bennet and Sergey; Thanks for all the details and the work debugging it. The BAM @HD::SO tag shall be set to coordinate. bam -o sorted. sa Write temporary files to PREFIX. As with samtools, the RG (read group) dictionary in the header of the BAM files is not Note Historically samtools sort also accepted a less flexible way of specifying the final and temporary output filenames: samtools sort [ -f] [ -o] in. bam fixmate. . 3. Sort BAM files by genomic coordinates. bam, or if output is to standard output, in the current Sep 19, 2014 · Samtools is a set of utilities that manipulate alignments in the BAM format. samtools sort <bamfile> <prefix of Nov 27, 2022 · For example, the 6 GB SAM file can be stored as ~800 MB BAM file. Oct 17, 2019 · map the bwa index files to generate sam files. Before we can do the filtering, we need to sort our BAM alignment files by genomic coordinates (instead of by name). SAM/BAMは BWA や Samtools の開発者の Heng Li さんが策定したファイル形式です。 元論文 The Sequence Alignment/Map format and SAMtools; Heng Li's blog SAM/BAM/samtools is 10 years old ; 公式によるサンプル. BAM Jun 7, 2023 · As we have seen, the SAMTools suite allows you to manipulate the SAM/BAM files produced by most aligners. * files in the directory (from a previous failed run, for example) with the following message: samtools sort: failed to create temporar That shows the CRAM file being opened, returning file descriptor 3 (it'd be -1 if it errored). Sorting BAM files is recommended for further analysis of these files. The command breaks down as follows: samtools: the command. 5x that per-core. bam View Avoid writing the unsorted BAM file to disk: samtools view -u alignment. I don't think you can get around this. bam - Optionally using multiple threads: bwa mem -t 8 genome. Note: Remove the phrase 'sorted' from your bam Samtools merge / sort: add a lexicographical name-sort option via the -N option. bam samtools index. Feb 11, 2022 · samtools merge [options] out. BAM -o Sorted. To keep the example simple, we will use the default values for most parameters and options, and aim to build a command line that looks like: Shell. Merge命令将多个已经排序后的bam文件合并成为一个排序的且保持所有输入记录并保持现有排序顺序的bam文件。. SamTools: Sort ¶. sorted, creating a BAM file of alignments ordered by leftmost position on the reference assembly. It starts at the first base on the first chromosome for which there is coverage and prints out one line per base. sam because bam files are always compressed while sam files are not. The BAM file is sorted based on its position in the reference, as determined by its alignment. gtf file, all I needed to do was convert it to . bam file to be smaller than a . Feb 10, 2022 · Given this, I would expect that a concatenated, unsorted BAM will take more time to process than merging sorted BAM files, because in addition to creating the concatenated BAM file, the splitting would need to be done again (assuming the reads don't fit in memory) prior to the final merge carried out by samtools sort. com/playlist?list=PLe1-kjuYBZ06jn12R4hiid7QGLqXWSJc4samtools sortSubscribe to my channels Bioinformatics: h Introduction. Index coordinate-sorted BGZIP-compressed SAM, BAM or CRAM files for fast random access. ) $\endgroup$ Teams. bam anl. Samtools can also be used to sort the The tutorial is intended as a gentle introduction to Sequence Alignment/Map (SAM) formatted files and their binary equivalents BAM. Many users will find that the GenomicAlignments package provides a more useful representation of BAM files in R; the GenomicFiles package is also useful for iterating through BAM files. bai, with which genomic coordinates can quickly be Apr 11, 2019 · Hi, It appears that samtools sort fails if there existing tmp. looks up the tag in the R1, prints R1 line. Jul 25, 2023 · Write temporary files to PREFIX. x versions), picard MergeSamFiles, etc. samtools sort -m 5000000 unsorted_in. bam Apr 24, 2018 · I could rum the sam tools command for a single file. Next up is to extract the unmapped read pairs into their respective FASTQ files. Ideally at this point we would be outputting CRAM directly, but at present samtools 1. fa reads. bam in. Steps. bam sorted_out May 12, 2017 · For directly outputting a sorted bam file you can use the following: bwa mem genome. samtools sort -n -@8 final. Note: run this command before you sort the bam file by read name otherwise you will have trouble finding the region. A similar utility exists in Samtools, but we recommend the Picard tool because SortSam will also set a flag in the header that specifies that the file is correctly sorted, and this flag is necessary for the GATK to know it is safe to May 22, 2014 · Commonly, SAM files are processed in this order: SAM files are converted into BAM files ( samstools view) BAM files are sorted by reference coordinates ( samtools sort) Sorted BAM files are indexed ( samtools index) Each step above can be done with commands below. x and 1. reads the R2, substitutes the RX tag in, prints R2 line. Viewing and Filtering BAM Files: View a BAM file: bashCopy code samtools view file. 2021). nnnn . BAM files are produced by samtools and other software, and represent a flexible format Nov 25, 2019 · SAM or BAM input file--OUTPUT -O: null: SAM or BAM file to write merged result to: Optional Tool Arguments--arguments_file [] read one or more arguments files and add them to the command line--ASSUME_SORTED -AS: false: If true, assume that the input files are in the same sort order as the requested output sort order, even if their headers say Feb 10, 2017 · It does catch the mistake here: $ . bam to the filename. DESCRIPTION. Write the final sorted output to FILE, rather than to standard output. rmp. youtube. As I recall, there's some condition that the decompression library incorrectly decides means there's something wrong with the input file, and it returns a value that the calling routine can't distinguish from an end of file. cram aln. Sort first by the value in the alignment tag TAG, then by position or name (if also using -n ). bai files in the same folder and run concoct_coverage_table. Samtools is a set of utilities that manipulate alignments in the SAM (Sequence Alignment/Map), BAM, and CRAM formats. The Rsamtools package provides an interface to BAM files. Write a short script/command that. bam, in2. Jun 3, 2021 · $\begingroup$ Is your samtools sort command actually a samtools view command? How to convert multiple single-end bam files to fastq using samtools. sorted 四、去除bam文件中pcr导致的重复reads信息 samtools rmdup in. samtools view -bS <samfile> > <bamfile>. bam # Where: # -S specifies that the input is a sam file # -b specified that the output should be written in Oct 30, 2022 · How to Generate BAM Files: https://www. -b Output in the Jun 24, 2015 · Samtools sort doesn't alter the order that the reference chromosomes are in; or equivalently, it doesn't alter the order that the @SQ headers appear in. That's what samtools sort is for. indexBam creates an index for each BAM file specified, analogous to the ‘samtools index’ function. bam . I meet a problem when I analyzed the RNA-seq data using STAR-HESeq count pipeline, when I finished STAR, and got a bam file, I used "samtools sort" to sort the data, but I got an error: **[E::bam_read1] CIGAR and query sequence lengths differ for GWNJ-0842:379:GW1810081505:6:2106:29579:24884 samtools sort: truncated File formats. The SAM format is a standard format for storing large nucleotide sequence alignments and is generated by many sequence alignment tools such as Bowtie Feb 18, 2013 · First, samtools mpileup command transposes the mapped data in a sorted BAM file fully to genome-centric coordinates. The output file can be specified via -o as shown in the first synopsis. The introduction of the SAM/BAM format and the samtools command line tool: Li H, Handsaker B, Wysoker A, Fennell T, Ruan J, Homer N, Marth G, Abecasis G, Durbin R, and 1000 Genome Project Data Processing Subgroup, The Sequence alignment/map (SAM) format and SAMtools, Bioinformatics (2009) 25(16) 2078-9 DESCRIPTION. SAMtools is a toolkit for manipulating alignments in SAM/BAM format, including sorting, merging, indexing and generating alignments in a per-position format ( Danecek et al. BAM I tried to switch around the sorted and the original bam components like this: samtools sort original. The -m option given to samtools sort should be considered approximate at best. bam to my. nnnn. But do you know how can I run a samtools command through a loop? just to remind that I do not have bam files downloaded. By default, samtools tries to select a format based on the output filename extension; if output is to standard output or no format can be deduced, bam is selected. bam, or if output is to standard output, in the current Sort SAM/BAM/CRAM file. samtools sort -m 2G -o w. The SortOrder of a SAM/BAM file is found in the SAM file header tag @HD in the field labeled SO. Filter alignment records based on BAM flags, mapping quality or location I have few bam files and would like to get read counts using . bam w Mar 2, 2012 · IGV recommends BAM over SAM, but I'm getting errors in converting to BAM using samtools. The command we use this time is samtools sort with the parameter -o Sort into chromosome/positon order. I have a reference sequence in FASTA format that has 2 'Chromosomes' that are actually just scaffolds from a genome that isn't finished yet. samtools sort -T /tmp/input. sorted -o input. Includes options for converting, sorting, indexing and viewing SAM/BAM files. Unaligned PacBio BAM files shall be sorted by QNAME, so that all subreads from a ZMW hole are stored contiguously in a file, with groups by ZMW hole number in numerical order, and within a ZMW EXAMPLES. The sorted output is written to standard output by default, or to the specified file (out. The first time I ran my illumina reads through the workflow (BWA>SAM>BAM>sort>index etc) Then when I tried to view it, it failed because there were replications in Write temporary files to PREFIX. The code that follows serves to illustrate this point. Sorting the files prior to this conversion would cause errors. SAMtools is a set of utilities for interacting with and post-processing short DNA sequence read alignments in the SAM, BAM and CRAM formats, written by Heng Li. 2 Sorting a bam file. Write temporary files to PREFIX. 对排序好的bam文件,可以通过以下命令进行index(注意只能对排序过的文件进行index) Dec 5, 2019 · SortSam (Picard) Follow. bam sample. bam 假如in1. bam, in3. ) This index is needed when region arguments are used to limit samtools view SamTools: Sort ¶. SAMtools Sort. If you allocate 6Gb per core it's effectively trying to split this in half between bwa-mem and samtools sort since they're running together. bam files and, so following the editing of the . Here, I am using SAMtools v1. bam) when -o is used. The index command generates a new file, my. Oct 9, 2020 · 当有多个样本的bam文件时,可以使用samtools的merge命令将这些bam文件进行合并为一个bam文件。. tmp. bam>. bam> <input-bam-file. アラインメントが以下の The aligners will not care if the data is precisely the same order as produced by the sequencing instrument. Markdup needs position order: samtools sort -o positionsort. Each thread sorts its sublist, then writes it to a separate temporary BAM file. Read the specified unsorted_in. Merge multiple sorted alignment files, producing a single sorted output file that contains all the input records and maintains the existing sort order. sam] files. pkvisit: https://jgiconsulting. convert sam to bam using samtools (santools view ) sort bam files (samtools sort) index these bam files again using samtools (samtools index command) Finally keep all sorted bam files and . 若使用-h参数,则将输入文件的@SQ文件头合并到指定的文件 3. # Basic syntax: samtools view -S -b sam_file. -O FORMAT. 3, if the input BAM records do not fit within the user-specified memory limit, then the BAM records in memory are partitioned into N sublists, where N is the number of threads. bam inN. bam in1. 6. May 2, 2023 · There's a Picard tool called SortSam that will sort a BAM file according to a given sort order parameter. You'll likely see lots of harmless things while the program and libraries speculatively look for things, but in there somewhere should be the smoking gun. bam This ended up showing: [W::bam_hdr_read] EOF marker is absent. @sqSN:2 LN:250202058. Continue anyway. Jun 9, 2023 · The SAMtools program is a commonly used set of tools that allow a user to manipulate SAM/BAM files in many different ways, ranging from simple tasks (like SAM/BAM format conversion) to more complex functions (like sorting, indexing and statistics gathering). Reported by Steve Huang) Samtools view: add -N ^NAME_FILE and -R ^RG_FILE options. bam The sort command appends . bam -d or, Extract the reads in FASTQ format. Sep 21, 2018 · I am currently working on my own Metagenomic pipeline, utilizing Bowtie 2 to map. Do not add a @PG line to the header of the output file. sam | samtools sort -@ 4 - output_prefix. So the order of the references in the BAM file is (unless there's some fairly unusual software in the pipeline somewhere) the same right from the first time the sequencing data lands in a SAM or BAM file, which is probably in your aligner output. bam, or if output is to standard output, in the current 1. To perform the sorting, we could use Samtools, a tool we previously used when coverting our SAM file to a BAM file. Filter alignment records based on BAM flags, mapping quality or Nov 8, 2020 · sortBam sorts the BAM file given as its first argument, analogous to the “samtools sort” function. In SAMtools 1. A BAM file can be visualized using a genome viewer like IGV. Methods used in this tutorial include: minimap2 - to create alignments of a long-read sequencing dataset, samtools - to inspect and filter SAM and BAM files, and. samtools view -bS <samfile> > <bamfile> samtools sort <bamfile> <prefix of sorted Sort and create an index for the BAM: samtools sort my. Note for SAM this only works if the file has been BGZF compressed first. When I try to utilize Samtools to index my . bi wx kv jp qp tk rr uk ip hf
July 31, 2018